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Thread: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

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    Default A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    FROM 1010TIRES.COM

    Tire Sizing

    Passenger Tire sizing is typically displayed as:
    P215/65R15 89H
    • The "P" stands for "P-Metric" or "Passenger". This means that it is a North American tire sizing designation. European tires typically don't have the "P" attached to the size. Tires with higher ply ratings will generally start with "LT" which stands for "Light Truck". This indicates the tire is an LT metric and will always have a Load Range indicated. It is important to note this for vehicles that call for LT metric tires. Never substitute a P metric tire for an LT metric tire, even if all the other dimensions are the same.
    • The "215" is the width of a tire, also known as the "section width". This is the width of the tire in millimeters at its widest point from sidewall to sidewall when mounted on the recommended rim width. The actual tire width can vary depending on the rim width it is mounted on.
    • The "65"is known as the Aspect Ratio. It is calculated by dividing the section height by the section width and multiplying by 100. (In this example, the sidewall will be 65% of 215)
    • The "R" stands for Radial, meaning it has a radial construction. Radial tires have ply cords that extend to the beads and are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread, the carcass being stabilized by a circumferential belt. Other possibilities include "B" for belted construction and "D" for diagonal construction. This means the ply cords extend to the beads and are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread.
    • The "15" stands for the diameter of the wheel in inches. This is the exact size that this tire will fit. There are some older rims called "TRX" which are metric measurements like 390. You CAN NOT mix TRX rims with regular tires or vise-versa.
    • The "89" is the load index
    • The "H" is the speed symbol.
    Speed Ratings

    The speed rating of any tire is a measurement of the top safe speed the tire can carry a load under specified conditions. It is also an indication of how the tire will handle at lower speeds. A higher rated tire will give you better traction and improved steering response even at 50mph.

    Below is a listing of common speed ratings:
    Q= 99 MPH, 160km/h
    S=112 MPH, 180km/h
    T=118 MPH, 190km/h
    U=124 MPH, 200km/h
    H=130 MPH, 210km/h
    V=149 MPH, 240km/h
    Z=149 MPH, 240km/h and over
    W=168 MPH, 270km/h
    Y=186 MPH, 300km/h

    It is not recommended to downgrade your tires to a lower speed rating than of the OEM tires that came with your vehicle at the time of purchase. Doing so can effect the handling of the car, and in an emergency situation that can be dangerous. Also, never mix tires with different speed ratings on your vehicle.





    Load Ratings


    The load rating for any tire (load index) indicates the maximum weight that each tire is able to support. Below is a quick rating of common Load Indexes:

    Load Index Pounds (lbs) Kilograms (kgs)
    70 739 335
    71 761 345
    72 783 355
    73 805 365
    74 827 375
    75 853 387
    76 882 400
    77 908 412
    78 937 425
    79 964 437
    80 990 450
    81 1018 462
    82 1047 475
    83 1074 487
    84 1102 500
    85 1135 515
    86 1168 530
    87 1201 545
    88 1234 560
    89 1278 580
    90 1323 600
    91 1356 615
    92 1389 630
    93 1433 650
    94 1477 670
    95 1521 690
    96 1565 710
    97 1609 730
    98 1653 750
    99 1708 775
    100 1764 800
    101 1819 825
    102 1874 850
    103 1929 875
    104 1984 900
    105 2039 925
    106 2095 950
    107 2149 975
    108 2205 1000



    Sidewall Markings


    Here are some other markings you may find on your tire's sidewall:
    • The M+S (also displayed as M&S or M-S) indicates the tire has all season capabilities. You will find this on almost all all season and winter tires. Summer tires will not have this designation. For a tire to get this designation, it must have a specified tread-to-void ratio, however it does not mean that the tire has passed any actual tests for it effectiveness in severe conditions.
    THIS NEXT POINT IS OF KEY NOTE AND OF KEY SAFETY IN CANADA!!!
    • indicates a Severe Snow Conditions rating. Tires bearing this symbol will provide snow performance superior to tires only bearing the M+S symbol. These are the safest tires for any kind of winter driving. Some ski resorts will not even let you up their mountain if you do not have this symbol on your tires.
    • DOT stands for Department of Transportation. The 10, 11 or 12 digit code appearing after the DOT designation gives information such as the week and year the tire was produced, as well as the manufacturer, plant, tire line, and size. The first 2 characters designate the tire's manufacturer and plant code. The third, fourth and fifth characters, are the tire size code. The last three or four numbers (4 numbers for years after 2000) are when the tire was manufactured. The first two digits of the date code represent the week and the last 1 or 2 digits represent the year.
    • Maximum Inflation Pressure is the highest inflation pressure that the tire can withstand. This is not, however, the recommended inflation pressure. Inflation pressures should never be below the recommended pressure or above the maximum pressure branded on the sidewall.
      Also see Air Pressure.



    Uniform Tire Quality Grading

    The Uniform Tire Quality Grading rating is a quality rating system developed by the American Department of Transportation. It is designed to tell consumers the relative performance of passenger tires (but does not apply to winter tires).

    Below is an example of a UTQG Rating:
    150A B
    The "150" indicates the treadwear rating
    the "A" indicates traction
    the "B" indicates temperature

    The Treadwear rating is based on a wear test performed on a 400 mile government test course covering specified sections of public roads in Texas. A group of not more than 4 test vehicles travels the course in a convoy so that all tires experience the same conditions. Tread groove depths of the tires being tested are measured after each 800 miles. The same procedure is followed for a set of "control" or "course monitoring tires" Upon the completion of the 7200 mile test, the rating results of both tires are compared, and the tires being tested are assigned a treadwear rating according to government standards. This number can be used to compare between tires. In the above example, this tire rated 150 should last 1/2 as long as a tire rated 300. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use and may be significantly different from the norm due to differences in road characteristics and climate.

    The Traction ratings are AA, A, B, and C, from highest to lowest. This measurement indicates a tires ability to stop in a straight line on wet pavement. The rating is based on a 40mph test where the brakes are "locked up" on wet asphalt and wet concrete surfaces. It's important to remember that this rating does not indicate the tires ability to resists hydroplaning, and do not apply to cornering traction.

    Temperature ratings are determined by running tires on an indoor roadwheel test under specified conditions. Successive 30 minute runs are made in 5mph increments starting at 75mph and continuing until the tires fails. Tires with an A rating must withstand at least 114mph, B at least 99mph, and C at least 85mph. These measurements indicate the tire's ability to sustain high temperatures which often cause tires to wear away quickly or in extreme conditions lead to sudden tire failure.

    Mixing Tires

    Generally tires should not be mixed on any vehicle. To receive maximum safety and performance it is preferable to keep every tire on a vehicle identical in size, brand, model, rating etc. One of the only exceptions is if the front and rear wheels are different like on all Porsche's and other high performance vehicles.

    Tire Storage

    Storing Winter Tires

    The best place to store winter tires is in a cool, dry location. (Basement, or possibly a garage). You can lay them down flat, stacked on top of each other no taller than 4 high. This offers the most support and should eliminate any fitting problems the following fall. We also recommend that you return to the store/dealer from where you purchased your tires from and ask for storage bags. This will protect the tires from natural ozone in the air which can cause tire rubber to dry and crack. Wrap each tire individually and stack them. Stored tires should be kept away from electric motors or welders as these produce ozone which will damage the rubber over time.

    Air Pressure

    Are your tires set at the optimum inflation? Chances are they are anywhere from 8psi to 18psi less than recommended. The most common way of damaging tires is improper inflation. Low air pressure causes tires to experience irregular treadwear as well as poor vehicle handling and traction. Under inflated tires can build up excessive heat and blow out without warning.

    Keeping your tires set at the manufacturer's recommended pressure is one of the easiest ways of saving gasoline, increasing tire treadlife, and ensuring safety. An Arizona Energy Office Report notes if your tires are inflated to 24psi, and you increase the air pressure to 32psi, your fuel mileage should increase by 3 miles per gallon (an average increase of 10%!)

    Always check your air pressure and make adjustments when the tires are cold (tires have not been driven for 2 hours). Air pressure should be checked bi-weekly at the very least. This is important because as outside temperatures change, so does tire air pressure. A 10 degree drop in temperature can reduce tire pressure by 1psi. That means if you set your pressures in the July and don't check them again until December, you could have lost several psi, decreasing fuel mileage and causing pre-mature tire wear. Also remember to check your spare tire for loss of air.
    If you are unsure how to use an air pressure gauge and hose, your local tire shop should be willing to show you the correct procedure. Always use a good quality tire pressure gauge that is not on a hose. The tire gauges built into the air hoses at your local garage have generally not been maintained and can not be trusted to be accurate.

    *Note, air pressures can be “tuned”, however you should NEVER exceed the maximum pressure branded on the tire’s sidewall, and NEVER set pressures lower than recommended in the vehicle’s owners manual. Also, if you have altered your tire size from original, then the minimum pressure may need to be adjusted. Consult a rim/tire professional for correct pressures.





    Tread Wear Indicator

    As your tires wear down, their ability to grip the road decreases. Each tire has what are known as wear bars. These appear at various points around the tire as bars running through the tread design from one side of the tire to the other. When your tires are legally worn out (2/32") the tread will be at the same level as the tread wear indicators and they will be easily visible. Usually before the tire gets to this point, they will begin to feel unsafe. If that is the case, do not wait for them to get to the wear bars. Just because the tread depth is not as low as the tread wear bar, does not mean it is safe.

    Tire Rotation

    Because each tire on your car typically supports a different amount of weight, and your driving patterns will typically wear out one tire faster than the others, it's important to rotate your tires every 5000 to 8000 miles. Rotation patterns differ depending on what kind of vehicle you drive. The best place to check is in your vehicle's owners manual.

    Of course, if your vehicle has different sizes of tires from front to back, or if your tires are directional, these may not work. Consult a professional if you are still not sure.


    Alignment


    Vehicle alignment is one of the most important factors in not only vehicle care, but tire care. Improper alignment on either the front or rear wheels can result in unusual tread wear, damage to your suspension, and unusual handling for the car. Wheel alignments should be performed every time you install a new set of tires, and any time you experience an impact such as a large pot hole, curb, or other obstacle. For maintenance purposes, alignment should be checked every 30,000 km (about 18,700 miles).


    There are several alignment types, including both two and four wheel alignment. Four wheel alignment is always recommended, but some vehicles are not able to have the rear alignment adjusted. Consult with an alignment specialist you trust to find out what's best for your car.


    Warning signs that you might need an alignment are your car pulling to one side or another, and irregular tire wear.


    Puncture Repairs


    A puncture to any area of a tire's tread will affect performance and safety, and therefore must be immediately attended to through either replacement of the tire (spare or new tire) or a patch. Any patch that is applied to a tire must be applied to both the outer part of the tire (tread) and the inner part of the tire. The reason for this is that the rubber on each side is very different (inside is made of halobutyl rubber meant for holding air, while the outside is a harder durable rubber primarily designed for traction). A good tire repair can only be made if the tire is removed from the rim (wheel) and inspected carefully for any hidden damage. Only straight through holes, 3/16" or smaller diameter may be repaired, when no secondary damage has ocured.



    Noise and Vibration Problems

    Below are the most common (but not the only) causes of noise and vibration problems:
    • Tire / wheel assembly is out of balance
    • No hub centric rings on aftermarket wheels >Buy Hub Centric Rings
    • Incorrect mounting hardware for aftermarket wheels
    • Tire is poorly seated on the rim
    • Irregular tire wear
    • Out of round rim
    • Out of round tire
    Do not ignore apparent impacts, pulling, or vibration. This could be an indicator of tire damage as much as mechanical problems that should be inspected by a professional. If there is a problem with your tires and the way they have been installed they will most likely begin to shake and vibrate your vehicle at between 50 and 65 mph.


    When do you need to Replace Tires?


    Tires are typically replaced when their natural lifespan has come to an end. There are however any number of factors that can affect this including storage, temperature, surfaces they are driven on, how aggressive of a driver you are, punctures, etc.

    The usual recommendation for replacing tires is when they no longer feel safe to the driver. You can see when they are legally worn out using the tread wear indicator. A typical set of tires under normal driving conditions will last approximately 40 000 miles or 64 000 km. Some tires of-course are designed for much longer, even up to 80 000 miles or 128 000 kilometers.

    Mounting and Balancing

    When mounting wheels & tires on to the vehicle, ensure the following checks are made:
    • Wheels are not damaged in any way
    • There is no dirt or oily build up between the hub and the wheel
    • Lugs are properly torqued
    • Both tire beads are securely mounted
    • Any retaining clips on the brake drums are removed
    Tires are manufactured to close tolerances, however as they wear their mass can become unevenly distributed, negatively effecting the original balance. The most common signs of unbalanced tires are vibration problems. These can affect the speed, handling and mileage of your vehicle. Balancing is done by a computer that spins the wheel / tire assembly, senses heavy spots, and gives a location for the technician to apply weight to counter the heavy spots. The best type of balance is a dynamic balance, and this should be performed whenever possible. (Some rim designs will not allow this type of balance and you would have to settle for a static balance)

    ...Hope that helps
    Last edited by 3GFX; 03-04-2007 at 02:19 AM.
    - - - - - - | NOW | 08' VW Jetta 2.0T | - - - - - - - | BEFORE | 04' Mazda 3 GT/GFX | - - - - - -

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    thats some good info thankx

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    Sr Member 3GFX's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Anyone wanna vote me for a sticky?

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    yes plz

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    It woulda saved you a ton of time to just link directly to the 1010tires.com page that contained the info.

    But sticky no matter ...

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    Sr Member Effin Itai's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Good job with the info sheet. I've done 68000km on my car. 15000k on winters. So I am due since my wear bars are about 2mm away. Need rubber and cannot wait 'till next year. (sigh)

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    Member RX9's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    uesful info, thx.

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    missed a small bit of info as well, but definitely a sticky...

    information missed: (Y) = 300km/h+ higher than Y rating, but who's ever gonna go 300km/h on street tires? lol


    Injen, Kaption, Pioneer, Kaminari, Philips, Koni, Eibach, APC, ELD

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    Sr Member 3GFX's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    I've got the Y speed rating up there. Useful info for those Bugatti owners browsing the forum :p

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Y is different from (Y)...
    LOL..yeah...I own a bugatti, jks.
    well if you think about it, it doesn't require much to obtain a Y rated car..the ford mustang GT (2005 and up i think) are W rated.

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Looks like you can downgrade your tires from H to T.

    See why:

    http://www.wheels.ca/Tire%20Talk/article/250663

    John Mahler
    Special to the Star
    May 31, 2008

    Q: We took our Subaru Legacy to a tire shop where they recommended and installed Toyo Spectrums. When we picked up the car, the mechanic pointed out that Toyo Spectrums are T-rated tires and that Subaru recommends H-rated. Is this a problem? My main concerns are safety and good tire life.

    A: To answer your questions you need to know a bit about speed ratings and what they really mean, so here's the 10-cent course. The term speed rating is a misnomer; it is really more of a test of a tire's stability over time while driving at highway speeds.

    All tires generate heat when rolling. Imagine the sidewall flexing as it goes from fully extended at the 12 o'clock position to fully compressed at the 6 o'clock position. At 100 km/h, the tire of a small sedan rotates about 800 times per minute, generating a lot of heat. So as speeds go up, the heat goes up, until eventually the sidewall gives up and goes bang.

    There is a measurement standard for the length of time a tire can run at a given speed before failure. This is determined on a test machine in a lab that simulates load on the tire and cornering forces, etc. The tire must run two hours at a sustained speed to get a speed rating.

    A T-rated tire can run at sustained speeds of 190 km/h and be safe. An H-rated tire can run at 210 km/h. Since you don't go that fast, why does it matter? Remember that sidewall flex? Flex can be increased when the tire is under-inflated, when the car is more heavily loaded, and when the car goes around a corner. So a heavily loaded car with under-inflated tires going down a twisty road can really punish a tire.
    The only thing that can help the tire is to make it stiffer and better able to dissipate heat. The result is a higher speed rating.

    The automaker works out the worst-case scenario and chooses a tire with a speed rating that gives even the least-informed driver a safety net. Therefore, your Subaru gets an H-rated tire because that tire is stronger and stiffer than a T-rated tire.

    Another advantage of stiffer sidewall, higher-speed rated tires is shorter braking distances and quicker response to steering.
    The T-rated tires are not unsafe, but the H-rated tires are what technically belong on the car. The proper Toyo in H-rating is the Toyo Versado. The Spectrum is an excellent tire. T-rated tires will have a longer tread life than H-rated tires and they are less expensive.

    Email tire questions to John Mahler at
    thetireguy_1 @hotmail.com.
    Please include vehicle's make, model and year,
    tire brand and size and your name, address and phone number.

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    Newbie Blue_Jinnee's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    thanks, useful !

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Unfortunately no reputable tire shop will mount and install your T rated tires on your H rated vehicle.

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    Jr Member JMAK74's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Question Oh Great Tire God:

    When storing winter tires, should I 'overinflate' them by say a couple PSI vs. when they're on the car? I'm thinking in terms to what I've heard when the ship the cars over from Japan - they put a bit more air in the tires to prevent deformation (I gather).

    On a side note - above in the air pressure section, it's say to check it bi-weekly - that's a bit of an ambigous term as it can mean twice a week or once every two weeks. I suspect you mean at least once every two weeks, barring sudden temperature changes?

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    Sr Member 3GFX's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Once every two weeks is what they mean by bi-weekly.

    I'm not sure what on earth to proper way to store winters would be. What I've heard is the best is to keep them at 30psi (what is recommended) and keep them floating on a stand (hold them up by the centre of the rim). Don't rest them on their side, or on the tread. Keep them suspended so they don't form to a cold or hot floor and aren't as susceptable to temperature changes.

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    Jr Member JMAK74's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Quote Originally Posted by 3GFX View Post
    Once every two weeks is what they mean by bi-weekly.

    I'm not sure what on earth to proper way to store winters would be. What I've heard is the best is to keep them at 30psi (what is recommended) and keep them floating on a stand (hold them up by the centre of the rim). Don't rest them on their side, or on the tread. Keep them suspended so they don't form to a cold or hot floor and aren't as susceptable to temperature changes.
    Thank you. Looks like I'm going to have to build a little stand.

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    Sr Member 3GFX's Avatar
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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    OR $25 at Canadian Tire.....

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Quote Originally Posted by 3GFX View Post
    OR $25 at Canadian Tire.....
    Are they any good?

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    They do what they claim to.
    VG | MAZDASPEED | RACING HART | SIMOTA | EIBACH | DUNLOP | SOK07 | RACING BEAT | HAWK

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Quote Originally Posted by 3GFX View Post
    OR $25 at Canadian Tire.....
    That would be nice to purchase, however with becoming a dad in Feb this year, funds have become somewhat under a bit more scrutiny by Mrs. JMAK74, so I'm going to use some lumber sitting in my garage and my tools and do it DYI!

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    Quote Originally Posted by JMAK74 View Post
    I'm thinking in terms to what I've heard when the ship the cars over from Japan - they put a bit more air in the tires to prevent deformation (I gather)
    The cars are sitting on the tires, which would cause flat spots. Over-inflating them helps avoid that.

    Also, keep in mind that tire manufacturers and retailers don't store the tires inflated.............
    2008 Carbon Gray GT Sedan 5 Speed

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    very helpful !

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    Default Re: A-Z of TIRE INFORMATION

    If im lowered on Prokits with a 2010 mazda 3 hatch. What is the maximum backspacing that is allowed for rim fitment.

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