Left-turner faces onus since there's always choice
Eric Lai
Toronto Star
May 17, 2008
Q: I feel I have been unfairly blamed for a left-turn collision caused by an oncoming through-driver who ran a red light.
What are the insurance industry's fault determination rules for a left-turn collision at an intersection? What does the law say about such situations?
A: James Geuzebroek, media relations manager for the Insurance Bureau of Canada, replies:
According to our auto insurance experts, the problem is anyone making a left turn basically has no right of way and can only proceed when it is clear and safe to do so. It is almost impossible to prove an oncoming vehicle went through a red light without an independent witness, and even so, the turning driver still bears liability as they should have noticed the oncoming vehicle wasn't slowing down.
In rare instances, there may be a finding of 50/50 fault, but as a rule, the left-turner will almost always be found at-fault for a left-turn collision at an intersection.
Eric Lai adds:
Under the provincial Highway Traffic Act, a left-turning driver involved in a collision may always be charged – even if the oncoming through-driver runs a red light (who may then also be charged).
According to police, the traffic light colour at the time usually cannot be definitively proven, but vehicle position and damage will normally substantiate charges of "left turn – fail to afford reasonable opportunity to avoid collision" under section 141(5) HTA and/or "turn – not in safety" under section 142(1) HTA.
In cases involving serious injury, death, impaired driving or criminal activity, prosecutors may opt to lay criminal charges instead.
By law, a left-turning driver in an intersection may only complete their turn when it is safe to do so. This obligation remains in place even if the light should then turn red. (At which time, under section 144(8) HTA, the onus shifts to other road users, who, despite facing a green light, must yield the right of way and allow the trapped turning driver, who had lawfully entered the intersection on a previous green or amber light, to complete his/her left turn before proceeding.)
That is, the law never compels drivers to turn and cause a collision in order to beat the light. Rather, it places the onus on the turning driver to always ensure that the manoeuvre is completed in safety with due regard for other road users and pedestrians.
Note that section 144(8) HTA does not require motorists to yield to unlawful road users, such as drivers who jump a light changing from red to circular green and turn left before oncoming through traffic, also facing a green light, has a chance to start moving forward. This action is an offence under section 3(8)(iv) of Ontario Regulation 455/07, the new street racing/stunt driving legislation. The violator's vehicle may be impounded and licence suspended, both for seven days, and there's a fine of up to $10,000 upon conviction.
If instead there's an advance green involved and the violator turns after it expires, before stopped oncoming traffic can proceed on a circular green, it would be "fail to yield to traffic" under section 144(8) HTA.
A stopped through-driver in the scenarios above, though legally permitted to proceed on a green light, must ensure their actions do not cause a collision. If he/she opts not to yield to the unlawful left-turner, proceeds into the intersection, and an avoidable crash occurs, the driver may possibly be charged with "start from stopped position – not in safety" under section 142(2) HTA.